1 上海电机学院机械学院，上海 201306
2 上海电力大学，上海 201306
基于计算机视觉的图像识别和处理技术迅速发展，因此，X射线焊缝图像智能化评片已成为无损X射线检测的研究热点之一。快速准确识别焊缝内部小目标缺陷是智能评片的一个难点，鉴于此，本文提出了一种基于YOLOv5-Tiny的轻量型焊缝缺陷识别方法。首先，在Backbone部分加入注意力机制SELayer，使模型实现持续的性能提升；然后，用GhostBottleneck模块替换Head层中的C3模块，保留边缘信息；最后，去除用于检测大物体的13×13特征层，并将多数普通卷积替换成深度可分离卷积，加快模型的训练与预测。模型分别采用DIoU与CIoU两种损失函数进行训练。实验结果表明：与YOLOv5s模型相比，YOLOv5-Tiny模型的参数量减少了33.6%，处理速度提升了17.5%，预测权重减小了32.8%，更好地实现嵌入式使用，模型的平均精度均值得到提升。
测量 无损检测 YOLOv5 缺陷识别 轻量型模型 中国激光
2022, 49(21): 2104005
针对YOLOv4在焊缝X射线探伤缺陷图中检测精度与召回率低的问题，设计了YOLOv4-cs算法。该算法改进了YOLOv4的卷积方式，使得模型训练参数大大减小，其次通过去除下采样及在52×52的特征层中融合第2个残差块得到的特征图的方式提高模型检测精确率，与此同时利用K-means对数据集重新聚类，修改YOLOv4模型的先验框。实验结果表明，YOLOv4-cs在识别铝合金焊接接头X射线3种缺陷的召回率提高显著，其平均精准度均值（mAP）为88.52%，较原YOLOv4模型提升了2.67个百分点，检测速度由20.43 frame/s提升到了24.47 frame/s。
图像处理 深度学习 焊缝内部缺陷检测 目标检测 YOLOv4 激光与光电子学进展
2022, 59(16): 1610002
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
2 Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing Technology, CAEP, China
The designs of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets, which field on ShenGuang III, are becoming more complex and more stringent in terms of assembly precision. A key specification of these targets is the spatial angle alignment accuracy. To meet these needs, we present a new spatial angle assembly method, using target part’s 3D model-based dual orthogonal camera vision, which is better suited for the flexible automation of target assembly processes. The two-hands structure micromanipulate system and dual orthogonal structure visual feedback system were investigated by considering the kinematics, spatial angle measuring, and motion control in an integrated way. In this paper, we discuss the measurement accuracy of spatial angle assembly method, which compared the real-time image acquisition with the redrawing 2D projection. The result shows that the assembly method proposed is very effective and meets the requirements of angle assembly accuracy, which is less than $1^{\circ }$. Also, this work is expected to contribute greatly to the advancement of other target microassembly equipments.
ICF target fabrication spatial angle target assembly High Power Laser Science and Engineering
2017, 5(2): 020000e9
